Yupei Liu, The Pennsylvania State University; Yuqi Jia, Duke University; Runpeng Geng and Jinyuan Jia, The Pennsylvania State University; Neil Zhenqiang Gong, Duke University
A prompt injection attack aims to inject malicious instruction/data into the input of an LLM-Integrated Application such that it produces results as an attacker desires. Existing works are limited to case studies. As a result, the literature lacks a systematic understanding of prompt injection attacks and their defenses. We aim to bridge the gap in this work. In particular, we propose a framework to formalize prompt injection attacks. Existing attacks are special cases in our framework. Moreover, based on our framework, we design a new attack by combining existing ones. Using our framework, we conduct a systematic evaluation on 5 prompt injection attacks and 10 defenses with 10 LLMs and 7 tasks. Our work provides a common benchmark for quantitatively evaluating future prompt injection attacks and defenses. To facilitate research on this topic, we make our platform public at https://github.com/liu00222/Open-Prompt-Injection.
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author = {Yupei Liu and Yuqi Jia and Runpeng Geng and Jinyuan Jia and Neil Zhenqiang Gong},
title = {Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defenses},
booktitle = {33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24)},
year = {2024},
isbn = {978-1-939133-44-1},
address = {Philadelphia, PA},
pages = {1831--1847},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity24/presentation/liu-yupei},
publisher = {USENIX Association},
month = aug
}