STAGE 1:
In 1990, the card was the only really mobile personal component
- Light (pocket size)
- Cheap (applies to very large populations)
- Secure ( High of tamper and logical resistance)
STAGE 2:
Then the card was seen as the mobile key to fixed services.
- Telephone boxes
- ATM
- Commerce
- Access to fixed networks.
CARDIS – USENIX CONFERENCE – SAN JOSE – November 21 - 2002
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